Environmental Factors Affecting the Gut Microbiota and Their Consequences

Abstract

Environmental factors can significantly influence the development, stability, and diversity of the gut microbiota. The impact of these changes on the intestines, where the microbiota is most concentrated, has been explored in numerous studies concerning both health and disease. Factors such as hospitalization, medication, environmental pollutants, food additives, and exercise can affect the gut microbiota at any stage of life, from birth to death. These influences may have either positive or negative consequences for maintaining overall health. This review discusses the environmental factors known to affect the human gut microbiota and their potential impact on health.