Nanoparticle-assisted Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Literature Review on Advancing Brain Cancer Treatment and Drug Delivery

Abstract

Conventional brain cancer therapies often struggle with challenges such as limited blood-brain barrier penetration and systemic toxicity. Oncolytic virotherapy, using genetically engineered viruses to selectively target and destroy tumor cells, offers promising immune-stimulatory benefits. Separately, nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery systems have revolution ized targeted treatment by improving drug stability, bioavailability, and delivery precision. This literature review explores the mechanisms, limitations, and recent advancements of both oncolytic virotherapy and nanoparticle-mediated delivery in brain cancer treatment. It highlights the potential synergy between these two strategies, particularly in overcoming immune-suppressive tumor environments and enhancing therapeutic specificity. Despite notable progress, clinical ap plication remains limited due to delivery inefficiencies, immune clearance, and safety concerns. The review emphasizes the need for further research on integrating nanomedicine and viral therapy to optimize outcomes. Advancing this com binational approach could redefine treatment paradigms in neuro-oncology and significantly improve patient prognosis.