Gut Microbiome in Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

The microorganisms that inhabit different parts of the human body are referred to as the microbiota, while the microbi ome refers to the genes they carry. The human microbiome is the focus of numerous studies, most of which highlight the importance of the trillions of bacteria inhabiting various parts of the body in maintaining the health of the macroorganism. Changes in the microbiome have been observed in various conditions, with particular interest in those associated with neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism. This review examines the role of the gut microbiome in autism, specifically the currently established differences between individuals with autism and neurotypical individuals, the possible mechanisms by which microorganisms may influence neurological function, and potential therapeutic approaches.