Calcium and Hypocalcemia: from Ancient to Recent Innovative Signs and Phenomena Narrative Review

Abstract

Calcium (Ca +2 ) is an essential bivalent cation that has a pivotal role in various body functions. Chemical and body metabolic processes such as skeletal mineralization, signal transduction, neurological conduction, muscle contractility, and blood coagulation can't be completed without Ca +2 . Hypocalcemia is a common electrolyte disorder that is seen in surgical and medical emergencies. This review aimed to correlate the ancient findings of hypocalcemia to the recent innovative signs and phenomena rather than the initial clearing of the pathophysiology of calcium and hypocalcemia. The author collected the narrative data from Google Scholar, Medline, and a few books over a 60 year duration, from 1966 to 2025. Hypocalcemia may be lifethreatening if not diagnosed and immediately treated. The author concluded that there is variability among ancient electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and recent innovative signs and phenomena of hypocalcemia. The ancient ECG findings are nonspecific and nonsensitive signs of hypocalcemia. Wavy triple, an electrocardiographic sign, Yasser's sign, Wavy double, an electrocardiographic sign, and Movableweaning off, an electrocardiographic phenomenon, are recent diagnostic and prognostic hallmarks in hypocalcemia. Wavy triple, an electrocardiographic sign, Yasser's sign, Wavy double, an electrocardiographic sign, and Movableweaning off, an electrocardiographic phenomenon, are easy, simple electrocardiographic diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic signs. Unfortunately, their sensitivity and specificity have not yet been further studied.